Because the Washington Natural Heritage Program has not yet developed an adequate database of element occurrence data on species, precise ranking of rarity is not possible for some species. Consequently, all of these lichens have a state status of Review Group 1 (R1, of potential concern but needs more field work to assign another rank). The following lists are based on the recommendations generously provided by Katherine Glew, with notes and additions by Jeanne Ponzetti.
Table 1. Potentially Endangered lichens in Washington state.
| Scientific Name |
Author |
Global Rank |
State Rank |
| Acroscyphus sphaerophoroides | Leveille | GNR | SNR |
| Arctoparmelia incurva | (Pers.) Hale | G3G5 | S1 |
| Bunodophoron melanocarpum | (Sw.) Wedin | GNR | SNR |
| Catolechia wahlenbergii | (Ach.) Korber | G3G5 | SNR |
| Dactylina arctica | (Richardson) Nyl. | G4G5 | S1 |
| Dactylina ramulosa | (Hook.) Tuck. | G4G5 | SNR |
| Erioderma sorediatum | D.J. Galloway & P.M. Jxrg. | G4 | S1 |
| Flavoparmelia caperata | (L.) Hale | G5? | SNR |
| Fuscopannaria leprosa | P. M. Jørg. & Tønsberg | G2G3 | SNR |
| Leptogium burnetiae | C. W. Dodge | G3G5 | SNR |
| Nephroma occultum | Wetm. | G4 | S1 |
| Niebla cephalota | (Tuck.) Rundel & Bowler | G3G4 | S1 |
| Ochrolechia turneri | (Sm.) Hasselrot | GNR | SNR |
| Ophioparma ventosa | (L.) Norman | GNR | SNR |
| Peltigera lepidophora | (Nyl. ex Vainio) Bitter | G4 | S1 |
| Pseudocyphellaria perpetua | McCune & Miadlikowska | G4 | SNR |
| Ramalina thrausta | (Ach.) Nyl. | G3G4 | S1 |
| Spilonemella americana | Henssen & Tønsberg |
GNR | SNR |
| Texosporium sancti-jacobi | (Tuck.) Nadv. | G3 | S1? |
| Umbilicaria lambii | Imshaug | G2G4 | S1 |
| Umbilicaria phaea var. coccinea | Llano | G5?TNR | S1 |
| Usnea sphacelata | R. Br. | G4G5 | S1 |
| Vestergrenopsis isidiata | (Degel.) E. Dahl | G3G4 | S1 |
Table 2. Potentially Threatened lichens in Washington state.
| Scientific Name |
Author |
Global Rank |
State Rank |
| Agrestia hispida | (Mereschk.) Hale & Culb. | G3 | S1 |
| Alectoria lata | (Taylor) Lindsay | G3G4 | S2 |
| Alectoria nigricans | (Ach.) Nyl. | G5 | S2 |
| Alectoria ochroleuca | (Hoffm.) Massal. | G5 | S1 |
| Biatora nobilis | Printzen & Tønsberg | G2? | SNR |
| Gyalideopsis muscicola | P. James & Vezda | | SNR |
| Leioderma sorediatum | D. J. Galloway & P. M. Jørg. | G4 | SNR |
| Leptogium rivale | Tuck. | G3G5Q | S2 |
| Micarea alabastrites | (Nyl.) Coppins | | SNR |
| Micarea synotheoides | (Nyl.) Coppins | | SNR |
| Pertusaria coccodes | (Ach.) Nyl. | | SNR |
| Phaeographis smithii | (Leighton) de Lesd. | | SNR |
| Phylliscum demangeonii | (Moug. & Mont.) Nyl. | G3G5 | S2 |
| Psilolechia clavulifera | (Nyl.) Coppins | GNR | S2 |
| Umbilicaria nylanderiana | (Zahlbr.) H. Magn. | GNR | SNR |
| Vulpicida tilesii | (Ach.) J.-E. Mattsson & M.J. Lai | G4G5 | S1 |
Table 3. Potentially Sensitive lichens in Washington state.
| Scientific Name |
Author |
Global Rank |
State Rank |
| Brodoa oroarctica | (Krog) Goward | G3G4 | S1 |
| Bryocaulon divergens | (Ach.) Karnefelt | G4G5 | SNR |
| Bryoria friabilis | Brodo & D. Hawksw. | G3 | S1 |
| Bryoria pikei | Brodo & D. Hawksw. | G2 | S2 |
| Cornicularia normoerica | (Gunn.) Du Rietz | G3G5 | S2 |
| Dermatocarpon luridum | (With.) Laundon | G4G5 | S2 |
| Dermatocarpon moulinsii | (Mont.) Zahlbr. | GNR | SNR |
| Hydrothyria venosa | Russell | G3G5 | S2 |
| Pilophorus nigricaulis | Sato | G3 | S2 |
| Platismatia lacunosa | (Ach.) Culb. & Culb. | G3G4 | S3 |
| Stereocaulon nivale | (Follman) Fryday | | SNR |
| Tholurna dissimilis | (Norman) Norman | G3G5 | S2 |
| Usnea longissima | Ach. | G4 | S2 |
Table 4. Lichens that we recommend be monitored for rarity in Washington.
| Scientific Name |
Author |
Global Rank |
State Rank |
| Ahtiana pallidula | (Tuck. ex Riddle) Goward & Thell | G3G5 | SNR |
| Ahtiana sphaerosporella | (Mull. Arg.) Goward | G5 | SNR |
| Arthonia stellaris | Kremp. | GNR | SNR |
| Arthrorhaphis citrinella | (Ach.) Poelt | G4G5 | SNR |
| Buellia fimbriata | (Tuck.) Imsh. | GNR | SNR |
| Buellia oidalea | (Nyl.) Tuck. | G3? | S2 |
| Calicium abietinum | Pers. | G4G5 | SNR |
| Calicium adaequatum | Nyl. | G3G4 | S1 |
| Calicium glaucellum | Ach. | G4G5 | SNR |
| Cetrelia cetrarioides | (Delise ex Duby) Culb. & C. Culb. | G4G5 | S3 |
| Chaenotheca chrysocephala | (Turner ex Ach.) Th. Fr. | G4G5 | SNR |
| Chaenotheca ferruginea | (Turner & Borrer) Mig. | G4G5 | SNR |
| Chaenotheca subroscida | (Eitner) Zahlbr. | G3G4 | SNR |
| Chaenothecopsis pusilla | (Ach.) A. F. W. Schmidt | G4G5Q | SNR |
| Cladina portentosa ssp. pacifica | (Ahti) Ahti | GNRTNR | SNR |
| Cladonia norvegica | Tonsberg & Holien | G4G5 | S2 |
| Coccotrema pocillarium | (Cummings) Brodo | G2G4 | S1 |
| Collema nigrescens | (Huds.) DC. | G5? | SNR |
| Cystocoleus ebeneus | (Dillwyn) Thwaites | GNR | S1 |
| Dendriscocaulon intricatulum | (Nyl.) Henssen | GUQ | S1 |
| Heterodermia leucomelos | (L.) Poelt | G4 | SNR |
| Hypogymnia heterophylla | Pike | G3 | S3 |
| Hypogymnia oceanica | Goward | G2G3 | S1 |
| Hypogymnia vittata | (Ach.) Parrique | G4G5 | SNR |
| Hypotrachyna revoluta | (Flvrke) Hale | G3G4 | SNR |
| Kaernefeltia californica | (Tuck.) Thell & Goward | G3 | S2 |
| Lecanora cavicola | Creveld | GNR | S1 |
| Lecanora laatokkaensis | (Rasanen) Poelt | GNR | S1 |
| Lecanora nigromarginata | H. Magn. | GNR | S1 |
| Lecanora novomexicana | H. Magn. | G4G5 | S1 |
| Lecanora pringlei | (Tuck.) Lamb | G3Q | SNR |
| Lecanora sierrae | B.D. Ryan & T. Nash | GNR | SNR |
| Lecidea dolodes | Nyl. | G4 | SNR |
| Lecidella carpathica | Korber | G5? | SNR |
| Leptogium cyanescens | (Rabenh.) Kvrber | G5 | SNR |
| Leptogium teretiusculum | (Wallr.) Arnold | G4G5Q | SNR |
| Lobaria linita | (Ach.) Rabenh. | G4G5 | SNR |
| Loxospora elatina | (Ach.) A. Massal. | GNR | SNR |
| Microlychnus epicorticis | A. Funk | GNR | S1 |
| Ochrolechia montana | Brodo | GNR | S1 |
| Opegrapha sorediifera | P. James | GNR | S1 |
| Pannaria rubiginosa | (Ach.) Bory | G4G5 | SNR |
| Pertusaria flavocorallina | Coppins & Muhr | GNR | S1 |
| Physcia callosa | Nyl. | G3G4 | SNR |
| Physcia tribacia | (Ach.) Nyl. | G4? | SNR |
| Protoparmelia ochrococca | (Nyl.) P.M. Jorg, Rambold & Hertel | GNR | S3 |
| Pseudocyphellaria crocata | (L.) Vain | G4? | S3 |
| Pseudocyphellaria rainierensis | Imshaug | G3G4 | S2 |
| Pyrrhospora gowardiana | Spribille & Hauck | | SNR |
| Pyrrhospora subcinnabarina | (Tonsberg) Hafellner | GNR | S1 |
| Ramalina menziesii | Taylor | G3G5 | S3 |
| Ramalina pollinaria | (Westr.) Ach. | G4 | SNR |
| Rhizocarpon cookeanum | H. Magn. | GNR | SNR |
| Rhizocarpon jemtlandicum | (Malme) Malme | G3G5 | SNR |
| Rinodina aspersa | (Borrer) Laundon | | SNR |
| Santessoniella grisea | (Hue) Henssen | | SNR |
| Solorina saccata | (L.) Ach. | G3G5 | SNR |
| Sporastatia polyspora | (Nyl.) Grummann | G3G5 | SNR |
| Stenocybe clavata | Tibell | G3 | S1 |
| Stenocybe major | (Nyl.) Kvrber | G4 | SNR |
| Stereocaulon myriocarpum | Th. Fr. | G4 | SNR |
| Sticta weigelii | (Ach.) Vainio | GNR | SNR |
| Szczawinskia tsugae | A. Funk | GNR | S1 |
| Thelomma mammosum | (Hepp) A. Massal. | G3G4 | S1 |
| Thelomma occidentale | (Herre) Tibell | GNR | S1 |
| Topeliopsis toensbergii | Kantvilas & Vezda | | SNR |
| Trapeliopsis glaucopholis ( T. californica McCune & Camacho) | (Nyl. ex Hasse) Printzen & McCune | G3G4 | SNR |
| Trapeliopsis steppica | McCune & Camacho | G2G4 | SNR |
| Umbilicaria angulata | Tuck. | G2 | S2 |
| Umbilicaria arctica | (Ach.) Nyl. | G3 | S1 |
| Umbilicaria decussata | (Vill.) Zahlbr. | G3? | S1 |
| Umbilicaria havaasii | Llano | G3 | S1 |
| Umbilicaria lyngei | Schol. | G3 | S1 |
| Umbilicaria polyrhiza | (L.) Fr. | G2G3 | S1 |
| Umbilicaria rigida | (Du Rietz) Frey | G2 | S1 |
| Umbilicaria scholanderi | (Llano) Krog | G1 | S1 |
| Umbilicaria vellea | (L.) Hoffm. | G4? | S2 |
| Usnea hesperina | Mot. | G4G5 | SNR |
| Usnea quasirigida (U. rigida Motyka) |
Lendemer & Tavares | | SNR |
| Xanthoria parietina | (L.) Th. Fr. | G3G5 | SNR |
Table 5. Species with taxonomic questions (Review List 2).
| Scientific Name |
Author |
Global Rank |
State Rank |
| Lobaria silvae-veteris (Nephroma silvae-veteris) | Goward & Goffinet) Goward & Goffinet |
GNR | SNR |
Table 6. Species that are possibly extirpated from Washington.
| Scientific Name |
Author |
Global Rank |
State Rank |
| Sulcaria badia | Brodo & D. Hawksw. | G3 | S1 |
Description of Rank Codes
Global Rank (GRank)
Global Rank characterizes the relative rarity or endangerment of the element world-wide. Two codes (e.g. G1G2) represent an intermediate rank.
G1 = Critically imperiled globally (5 or fewer occurrences).
G2 = Imperiled globally (6 to 20 occurrences).
G3 = Either very rare and local throughout its range or found locally in a restricted range (21 to 100 occurrences).
G4 = Apparently secure globally.
G5 = Demonstrably secure globally.
GH = Of historical occurrence throughout its range.
GU = Possibly in peril range-wide but status uncertain.
GX = Believed to be extinct throughout former range.
GNR = Not yet ranked.
Tn = Rarity of an infraspecific taxon. Numbers and codes similar to those for Gn ranks above.
Q = Questionable taxonomy.
State Rank (SRank)
State Rank characterizes the relative rarity or endangerment within the state of Washington. Two codes (e.g. S1S2) represents an intermediate rank.
S1 = Critically imperiled (5 or fewer occurrences).
S2 = Imperiled (6 to 20 occurrences), very vulnerable to extirpation.
S3 = Rare or uncommon (21 to 100 occurrences).
S4 = Apparently secure, with many occurrences.
S5 = Demonstrably secure in state.
SA = Accidental in state.
SE = An exotic established in state.
SH = Historical occurrences only but still expected to occur.
SN = Regularly occurring, usually migratory, nonbreeding animals.
SU = Unrankable; need more information.
SX = Apparently extirpated from the state.
SP = Likely to occur or to have occurred but without documentation.
SZ = Not of conservation concern (not SE or SA).
SNR = Not yet ranked.
