Because the Washington Natural Heritage Program has not yet developed an adequate database of element occurrence data on species, precise ranking of rarity is not possible for some species. Consequently, all of these lichens have a state status of Review Group 1 (R1, of potential concern but needs more field work to assign another rank). The following lists are based on the recommendations generously provided by Katherine Glew, with notes and additions by Jeanne Ponzetti.
Table 1. Potentially Endangered lichens in Washington state.
| Scientific Name |
Author |
Global Rank |
State Rank |
| Acroscyphus sphaerophoroides | Leveille | GNR | SNR |
| Arctoparmelia incurva | (Pers.) Hale | G3G5 | S1 |
| Bunodophoron melanocarpum | (Sw.) Wedin | GNR | SNR |
| Catolechia wahlenbergii | (Ach.) Korber | G3G5 | SNR |
| Dactylina arctica | (Richardson) Nyl. | G4G5 | S1 |
| Dactylina ramulosa | (Hook.) Tuck. | G4G5 | SNR |
| Erioderma sorediatum | D.J. Galloway & P.M. Jxrg. | G4 | S1 |
| Flavoparmelia caperata | (L.) Hale | G5? | SNR |
| Fuscopannaria leprosa | P. M. Jørg. & Tønsberg | G2G3 | SNR |
| Leptogium burnetiae | C. W. Dodge | G3G5 | SNR |
| Nephroma occultum | Wetm. | G4 | S1 |
| Niebla cephalota | (Tuck.) Rundel & Bowler | G3G4 | S1 |
| Ochrolechia turneri | (Sm.) Hasselrot | GNR | SNR |
| Ophioparma ventosa | (L.) Norman | GNR | SNR |
| Peltigera lepidophora | (Nyl. ex Vainio) Bitter | G4 | S1 |
| Pseudocyphellaria perpetua | McCune & Miadlikowska | G4 | SNR |
| Ramalina thrausta | (Ach.) Nyl. |
G4G5 | S1 |
| Spilonemella americana | Henssen & Tønsberg |
GNR | SNR |
| Texosporium sancti-jacobi | (Tuck.) Nadv. | G3 | S1? |
| Umbilicaria lambii | Imshaug | G2G4 | S1 |
| Umbilicaria phaea var. coccinea | Llano | G5?TNR | S1 |
| Usnea sphacelata | R. Br. | G4G5 | S1 |
| Vestergrenopsis isidiata | (Degel.) E. Dahl |
G4? | S1 |
Table 2. Potentially Threatened lichens in Washington state.
| Scientific Name |
Author |
Global Rank |
State Rank |
| Agrestia hispida | (Mereschk.) Hale & Culb. | G3 | S1 |
| Alectoria lata | (Taylor) Lindsay | G3G4 | S2 |
| Alectoria nigricans | (Ach.) Nyl. | G5 | S2 |
| Alectoria ochroleuca | (Hoffm.) Massal. | G5 | S1 |
| Biatora nobilis | Printzen & Tønsberg | G2? | SNR |
| Gyalideopsis muscicola | P. James & Vezda |
GNR | SNR |
| Leioderma sorediatum | D. J. Galloway & P. M. Jørg. | G4 | SNR |
| Leptogium rivale | Tuck. |
G3G5 | S2 |
| Micarea alabastrites | (Nyl.) Coppins |
GNR | SNR |
| Micarea synotheoides | (Nyl.) Coppins |
GNR | SNR |
| Pertusaria coccodes | (Ach.) Nyl. |
GNR | SNR |
| Phaeographis smithii | (Leighton) de Lesd. |
GNR | SNR |
| Phylliscum demangeonii | (Moug. & Mont.) Nyl. | G3G5 | S2 |
| Psilolechia clavulifera | (Nyl.) Coppins | GNR | S2 |
| Umbilicaria nylanderiana | (Zahlbr.) H. Magn. | GNR | SNR |
| Vulpicida tilesii | (Ach.) J.-E. Mattsson & M.J. Lai | G4G5 | S1 |
Table 3. Potentially Sensitive lichens in Washington state.
| Scientific Name |
Author |
Global Rank |
State Rank |
| Brodoa oroarctica | (Krog) Goward |
G4G5 | S1 |
| Bryocaulon divergens | (Ach.) Karnefelt | G4G5 | SNR |
| Bryoria friabilis | Brodo & D. Hawksw. |
G3G4 | S1 |
| Bryoria pikei | Brodo & D. Hawksw. | G2 | S2 |
| Cornicularia normoerica | (Gunn.) Du Rietz | G3G5 | S2 |
| Dermatocarpon meiophyllizum | Vain. | G3G5 | S2 |
| Dermatocarpon moulinsii | (Mont.) Zahlbr. | GNR | SNR |
| Peltigera hydrothyria | Miadl. & Lutzoni |
G4 | S2 |
| Pilophorus nigricaulis | Sato |
G3G4 | S2 |
| Platismatia lacunosa | (Ach.) Culb. & Culb. | G3G4 | S3 |
| Stereocaulon nivale | (Follman) Fryday |
GNR | SNR |
| Tholurna dissimilis | (Norman) Norman | G3G5 | S2 |
| Usnea longissima | Ach. | G4 | S2 |
Table 4. Lichens that we recommend be monitored for rarity in Washington.
| Scientific Name |
Author |
Global Rank |
State Rank |
| Ahtiana pallidula | (Tuck. ex Riddle) Goward & Thell | G3G5 | SNR |
| Ahtiana sphaerosporella | (Mull. Arg.) Goward | G5 | SNR |
| Arthonia stellaris | Kremp. | GNR | SNR |
| Arthrorhaphis citrinella | (Ach.) Poelt | G4G5 | SNR |
| Buellia fimbriata | (Tuck.) Imsh. | GNR | SNR |
| Buellia oidalea | (Nyl.) Tuck. | G3? | S2 |
| Calicium abietinum | Pers. | G4G5 | SNR |
| Calicium adaequatum | Nyl. | G3G4 | S1 |
| Calicium glaucellum | Ach. | G4G5 | SNR |
| Cetrelia cetrarioides | (Delise ex Duby) Culb. & C. Culb. | G4G5 | S3 |
| Chaenotheca chrysocephala | (Turner ex Ach.) Th. Fr. | G4G5 | SNR |
| Chaenotheca ferruginea | (Turner & Borrer) Mig. | G4G5 | SNR |
| Chaenotheca subroscida | (Eitner) Zahlbr. | G3G4 | SNR |
| Chaenothecopsis pusilla | (Ach.) A. F. W. Schmidt | G4G5Q | SNR |
| Cladina portentosa ssp. pacifica | (Ahti) Ahti | GNRTNR | SNR |
| Cladonia norvegica | Tonsberg & Holien | G4G5 | S2 |
| Coccotrema pocillarium | (Cummings) Brodo | G2G4 | S1 |
| Collema nigrescens | (Huds.) DC. | G5? | SNR |
| Cystocoleus ebeneus | (Dillwyn) Thwaites | GNR | S1 |
| Dendriscocaulon intricatulum | (Nyl.) Henssen | GUQ | S1 |
| Heterodermia leucomelos | (L.) Poelt | G4 | SNR |
| Hypogymnia heterophylla | Pike | G3 | S3 |
| Hypogymnia oceanica | Goward |
G4? | S1 |
| Hypogymnia vittata | (Ach.) Parrique | G4G5 | SNR |
| Hypotrachyna revoluta | (Flvrke) Hale | G3G4 | SNR |
| Kaernefeltia californica | (Tuck.) Thell & Goward | G3 | S2 |
| Lecanora cavicola | Creveld | GNR | S1 |
| Lecanora laatokkaensis | (Rasanen) Poelt | GNR | S1 |
| Lecanora nigromarginata | H. Magn. | GNR | S1 |
| Lecanora novomexicana | H. Magn. | G4G5 | S1 |
| Lecanora pringlei | (Tuck.) Lamb | G3Q | SNR |
| Lecanora sierrae | B.D. Ryan & T. Nash | GNR | SNR |
| Lecidea dolodes | Nyl. | G4 | SNR |
| Lecidella carpathica | Korber | G5? | SNR |
| Leptogium cyanescens | (Rabenh.) Kvrber | G5 | SNR |
| Leptogium teretiusculum | (Wallr.) Arnold | G4G5Q | SNR |
| Lobaria linita | (Ach.) Rabenh. | G4G5 | SNR |
| Loxospora elatina | (Ach.) A. Massal. | GNR | SNR |
| Microlychnus epicorticis | A. Funk | GNR | S1 |
| Ochrolechia montana | Brodo | GNR | S1 |
| Opegrapha sorediifera | P. James | GNR | S1 |
| Pannaria rubiginosa | (Ach.) Bory | G4G5 | SNR |
| Pertusaria flavocorallina | Coppins & Muhr | GNR | S1 |
| Physcia callosa | Nyl. | G3G4 | SNR |
| Physcia tribacia | (Ach.) Nyl. | G4? | SNR |
| Protoparmelia ochrococca | (Nyl.) P.M. Jorg, Rambold & Hertel | GNR | S3 |
| Pseudocyphellaria crocata | (L.) Vain | G4? | S3 |
| Pseudocyphellaria rainierensis | Imshaug | G3G4 | S2 |
| Pyrrhospora gowardiana | Spribille & Hauck |
GNR | SNR |
| Pyrrhospora subcinnabarina | (Tonsberg) Hafellner | GNR | S1 |
| Ramalina menziesii | Taylor | G3G5 | S3 |
| Ramalina pollinaria | (Westr.) Ach. | G4 | SNR |
| Rhizocarpon cookeanum | H. Magn. | GNR | SNR |
| Rhizocarpon jemtlandicum | (Malme) Malme | G3G5 | SNR |
| Rinodina aspersa | (Borrer) Laundon |
GNR | SNR |
| Santessoniella grisea | (Hue) Henssen |
GNR | SNR |
| Solorina saccata | (L.) Ach. | G3G5 | SNR |
| Sporastatia polyspora | (Nyl.) Grummann | G3G5 | SNR |
| Stenocybe clavata | Tibell | G3 | S1 |
| Stenocybe major | (Nyl.) Kvrber | G4 | SNR |
| Stereocaulon myriocarpum | Th. Fr. | G4 | SNR |
| Sticta weigelii | (Ach.) Vainio | GNR | SNR |
| Szczawinskia tsugae | A. Funk | GNR | S1 |
| Thelomma mammosum | (Hepp) A. Massal. | G3G4 | S1 |
| Thelomma occidentale | (Herre) Tibell | GNR | S1 |
| Topeliopsis toensbergii | Kantvilas & Vezda |
GNR | SNR |
| Trapeliopsis glaucopholis ( T. californica McCune & Camacho) | (Nyl. ex Hasse) Printzen & McCune | G3G4 | SNR |
| Trapeliopsis steppica | McCune & Camacho | G2G4 | SNR |
| Umbilicaria angulata | Tuck. |
G4? | S2 |
| Umbilicaria arctica | (Ach.) Nyl. | G3 | S1 |
| Umbilicaria decussata | (Vill.) Zahlbr. | G3? | S1 |
| Umbilicaria havaasii | Llano |
G3G4 | S1 |
| Umbilicaria lyngei | Schol. | G3 | S1 |
| Umbilicaria polyrhiza | (L.) Fr. |
G3G4 | S1 |
| Umbilicaria rigida | (Du Rietz) Frey |
G4? | S1 |
| Umbilicaria scholanderi | (Llano) Krog | G1 | S1 |
| Umbilicaria vellea | (L.) Hoffm. | G4? | S2 |
| Usnea hesperina | Mot. | G4G5 | SNR |
| Usnea quasirigida (U. rigida Motyka) |
Lendemer & Tavares |
GNR | SNR |
| Xanthoria parietina | (L.) Th. Fr. | G3G5 | SNR |
Table 5. Species with taxonomic questions (Review List 2).
| Scientific Name |
Author |
Global Rank |
State Rank |
| Lobaria silvae-veteris (Nephroma silvae-veteris) | Goward & Goffinet) Goward & Goffinet |
GNR | SNR |
Table 6. Species that are possibly extirpated from Washington.
| Scientific Name |
Author |
Global Rank |
State Rank |
| Sulcaria badia | Brodo & D. Hawksw. | G3 | S1 |
Description of Rank Codes
Global Rank (GRank)
Global Rank characterizes the relative rarity or endangerment of the element world-wide.
G1 = Critically Imperiled - At very high risk of extinction or elimination due to very restricted range, very few populations or occurrences, very steep declines, very severe threats, or other factors.
G2 = Imperiled - At high risk of extinction or elimination due to restricted range, few populations or occurrences, steep declines, severe threats, or other factors.
G3 = Vulnerable - At moderate risk of extinction or elimination due to a fairly restricted range, relatively few populations or occurrences, recent and widespread declines, threats, or other factors.
G4 = Apparently Secure - At fairly low risk of extinction or elimination due to an extensive range and/or many populations or occurrences, but with possible cause for some concern as a result of local recent declines, threats, or other factors.
G5 = Secure At very low risk or extinction or elimination due to a very extensive range, abundant populations or occurrences, and little to no concern from declines or threats.
GH = Possibly Extinct - Known from only historical occurrences but still some hope of rediscovery.
GU = Unrankable - Currently unrankable due to lack of information or due to substantially conflicting information about status or trends.
GX = Presumed Extinct - Not located despite intensive searches and virtually no likelihood of rediscovery.
GNR = Unranked - Global rank not yet assessed.
G#G# = Range Rank - A numeric range rank (e.g., G2G3, G1G3) is used to indicate uncertainty about the exact status of a taxon or ecosystem type.
Rank Qualifiers
? = Inexact Numeric Rank - Denotes inexact numeric rank.
Q = Questionable taxonomy that may reduce conservation priority Distinctiveness of this entity as a taxon at the current level is questionable; resolution of this uncertainty may result in change from a species to a subspecies or hybrid, or inclusion of this taxon or type in another taxon or type, with the resulting taxon having a lower-priority (numerically higher) conservation status rank.
Infraspecific Taxon status ranks
T# = Infraspecific Taxon (trinomial) - The status of infraspecific taxa (subspecies or varieties) are indicated by a “T-rank” following the species’ global rank. Rules for assigning T-ranks follow the same principles outlined above.
State Rank (SRank)
State Rank characterizes the relative rarity or endangerment within the state of Washington.
S1 = Critically Imperiled - At very high risk of extirpation in the state due to very restricted range, very few populations or occurrences, very steep declines, severe threats, or other factors.
S2 = Imperiled - At high risk of extirpation in the state due to restricted range, few populations or occurrences, steep declines, severe threats, or other factors.
S3 = Vulnerable - At moderate risk of extirpation in the state due to a fairly restricted range, relatively few populations or occurrences, recent and widespread declines, threats, or other factors.
S4 = Apparently Secure - At a fairly low risk of extirpation in the state due to an extensive range and/or many populations or occurrences, but with possible cause for some concern as a result of local recent declines, threats, or other factors.
S5 = Secure - At very low or no risk of extirpation in the state due to a very extensive range, abundant populations or occurrences, with little to no concern from declines or threats.
SH = Possibly Extirpated - Known from only historical records but still some hope of rediscovery.
SX = Presumed Extirpated - Species is believed to be extirpated from the state. Not located despite intensive searches of historical sites and other appropriate habitat, and virtually no likelihood that it will be rediscovered.
Rank Qualifiers
S#? = Inexact Numeric Rank - Denotes inexact numeric rank.
S#S# = Range Rank - A numeric range rank (e.g., S2S3 or S1S3) is used to indicate any range of uncertainty about the status of the species.
SU = Unrankable - Currently unrankable due to lack of information or due to substantially conflicting information about status or trends.
SNR = Unranked - Subnational conservation status not yet assessed
SNA = Not Applicable - A conservation status rank is not applicable because the species or ecosystem is not a suitable target for conservation activities.
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