Key to Douglas-fir forests

• Sword fern > 60% cover ........................................................ PSME/COCO/POMU-TITR
• Salal > 10%
• Sword fern > 5% ................................................................ PSME/GASH/POMU
• Oceanspray, tall Oregongrape, baldhip rose, or creeping snowberry present
  ........................................................................................... PSME/GASH-HODI
• Sword fern > 10%
  • Lady-fern, spreading woodfern, foamflower, or stinging nettle > 3% or any two > 1%
    ................................................................................. PSME/COCO/POMU-TITR
  • Beaked hazelnut + snowberry > 10% and each present
    ............................................................................ PSME/COCO-SYMPH/POMU
• Sword fern > 5% and vine maple + beaked hazelnut > snowberry
  ..................................................................................... PSME/COCO-SYMPH/POMU
• Snowberry > 10%
• Spreading snowberry > 10% ............................................. PSME/SYMPH-AMAL
• Beaked hazelnut, starry solomon's seal, enchanter's nightshade, snow-queen or long-stolon sedge present ........................................................ PSME/SYMPH-AMAL
• Oceanspray and common snowberry each > 10% ................... PSME/HODI-SYAL
• Roemer's fescue + red fescue >10% and Indian's dream or Rocky Mountain juniper present .................................................................................. PSME-JUSC/FEST-ASDE



• Starry solomon's seal, enchanter's nightshade, snow-queen or long-stolon sedge present
  .................................................................................................. PSME/SYMPH-AMAL



• Spreading snowberry > 5% .......................................................... PSME/SYMPH-AMAL



• Beaked hazelnut + snowberry > baldhip rose + western fescue ....... PSME/SYMPH-AMAL
• Baldhip rose, oceanspray, or western fescue > 1% ........................... PSME/ROGY-HODI
• Not as above
  Try with half the values in the key, review association descriptions and non-native types, if it does not fit association descriptions for this dominance type, try Douglas-fir - western hemlock - western redcedar Forest Key

View association table (species list for each association, in MS Excel format) for Douglas-fir forests