Key to Douglas-fir – western hemlock – western redcedar Forests

• Devils club > 10%................................................................ THPL-TSHE/OPHO/POMU



• Oregon oxalis and sword fern each > 5%......................................... PSME-THPL/OXOR



• Site located in Olympic Mountains rainshadow and western hemlock < 25%
  and western redcedar + grand fir > western hemlock


• Sword fern > 35% ............................................................... THPL-ABGR/POMU



• Salal + Pacific rhododendron > 10%
• Sword fern > 5% .................................. PSME-THPL/GASH-MANE/POMU
• Pacific rhododendron > 5% ........................................ PSME-THPL/RHMA
• Oceanspray or dwarf Oregongrape present ....... PSME-THPL-(ABGR)/GASH


• Sword fern > 10%
• Dwarf Oregongrape or salal > 10% ........ PSME-THPL/GASH-MANE/POMU
• Foamflower, lady-fern, or spreading woodfern > 1% ...... THPL-ABGR/POMU
• Dwarf Oregongrape or salal > 5% .......... PSME-THPL/GASH-MANE/POMU


• Dwarf Oregongrape or salal > 5%
• Sword fern > 5% ................................. PSME-THPL/GASH-MANE/POMU
• Sword fern < 5% ........................................... PSME-THPL-(ABGR)/GASH


• Site located outside Olympic Mountains rainshadow or western hemlock >25% or western hemlock > western redcedar + grand fir


• Sword fern > 50% or lady-fern > 3% ........................... TSHE-PSME/POMU-DREX



• Sword fern > 10%
• Evergreen huckleberry > 10% .......................... PSME-TSHE/VAOV/POMU
• Salal > 10% ................................................... PSME-TSHE/GASH/POMU
• Spreading woodfern + ladyfern + foamflower + deerfern > 5% or > dwarf Oregongrape + oceanspray .............................. TSHE-PSME/POMU-DREX
• Salmonberry > dwarf Oregongrape + oceanspray . TSHE-PSME/POMU-DREX
• Oceanspray or common snowberry > 5% ........... PSME-TSHE/HODI/POMU
• Dwarf Oregongrape > 5% ................................ PSME-TSHE/MANE/POMU


• Evergreen huckleberry > 5%
• Sword fern > 3% .............................................. PSME-TSHE/VAOV/POMU
• Pacific rhododendron > 5% ............................... PSME-TSHE/RHMA-VAOV
• Rhododendron < 5% ................................................... PSME-TSHE/VAOV


• Pacific rhododendron > 5% .................................................... PSME-THPL/RHMA



• Salal > 10%
• Sword fern > 3% .............................................. PSME-TSHE/GASH/POMU
• Oceanspray > 3% or > dwarf Oregongrape ........... PSME-TSHE/GASH-HODI
• Dwarf Oregongrape, red huckleberry, or vine maple present
  ........................................................................ PSME-TSHE/GASH-MANE


• Dwarf Oregongrape > 5%
• Cutleaf foamflower (var. laciniata) > 5% ....................... PSME-TSHE/TITRLA
• Sword fern > 3% .............................................. PSME-TSHE/MANE/POMU
• Salal > 5% ...................................................... PSME-TSHE/GASH-MANE
• Cutleaf foamflower > 1% ............................................ PSME-TSHE/TITRLA
• Cutleaf foamflower < 1% ............................................. PSME-TSHE/MANE



• Cutleaf foamflower > 1% ...................................................... PSME-TSHE/TITRLA



• Dwarf Oregongrape > 1% or only indicator species present ...... PSME-TSHE/MANE



• Understory indicator species all absent (those listed in this key) and
  mosses dominate and understory not limited by too dense of tree canopy
  .......................................................................................... PSME-TSHE/MANE


• Not as above ................. try with half the values in the key, review association descriptions

View association table (species list for each association, in MS Excel format) for Douglas-fir – western hemlock – western redcedar Forests